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Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

Summary:

This handout is intended to help yous go more than comfortable with the uses of and distinctions amid quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a short excerpt that you lot tin can use to practise these skills.

This handout is intended to help you lot become more than comfy with the uses of and distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. This handout compares and contrasts the three terms, gives some pointers, and includes a brusque excerpt that you tin can use to practice these skills.

What are the differences amongst quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

These 3 ways of incorporating other writers' work into your ain writing differ according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing.

Quotations must exist identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must lucifer the source document give-and-take for word and must be attributed to the original author.

Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must too be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly.

Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(southward). In one case over again, information technology is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a wide overview of the source textile.

Why use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries?

Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use them to:

Provide back up for claims or add brownie to your writing
Refer to work that leads upwardly to the piece of work you are at present doing
Give examples of several points of view on a field of study
Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with
Highlight a particularly hitting phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original
Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your ain
Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

Writers frequently intertwine summaries, paraphrases, and quotations. Equally part of a summary of an article, a affiliate, or a book, a writer might include paraphrases of various key points composite with quotations of striking or suggestive phrases every bit in the following example:

In his famous and influential work The Interpretation of Dreams, Sigmund Freud argues that dreams are the "royal road to the unconscious" (folio #), expressing in coded imagery the dreamer'southward unfulfilled wishes through a process known equally the "dream-work" (folio #). According to Freud, actual but unacceptable desires are censored internally and subjected to coding through layers of condensation and displacement earlier emerging in a kind of rebus puzzle in the dream itself (page #).

How to use quotations, paraphrases, and summaries

Do summarizing the essay found here, using paraphrases and quotations as you go. It might be helpful to follow these steps:

Read the entire text, noting the key points and main ideas.
Summarize in your ain words what the single main thought of the essay is.
Paraphrase important supporting points that come up up in the essay.
Consider any words, phrases, or brief passages that you believe should be quoted straight.

There are several ways to integrate quotations into your text. Oft, a short quotation works well when integrated into a judgement. Longer quotations can stand alone. Remember that quoting should be done only sparingly; be sure that you have a good reason to include a direct quotation when you lot make up one's mind to exercise so. Y'all'll notice guidelines for citing sources and punctuating citations at our documentation guide pages.